ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ä¹°¼ºÇöûÅ©ÅæÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ´Â ±¤ÇÕ¼º ¿øÇÙ»ý¹°·Î¼ ¹°ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº 1Â÷ »ý¼º¹°°ú ¿µ¾ç°è¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎ¿µ¾çÈ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â µû¶æÇÏ°í º¯È°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Â ±ú²ýÇÑ È¯°æÀÇ ¹°¿¡¼´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ä¹°¼ºÇöûÅ©Åæ ±ºÁý Áß ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ ¹ø½ÄÀÌ µÎµå·¯Áø´Ù. ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ È®»êÀº »ýÅ°踦 ¹æÇØÇÏ¿© ¹°ÀÇ ³¿»õ¿Í ¸À¿¡ ³ª»Û ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¸ç ¹°À» Á¤ÈÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. ½Ä¼ö¿øÀ̳ª ÈÞ¾çÁö ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â µ¶¼º ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °Ç°À» À§ÇùÇÑ´Ù. ½ÅÀå Åõ¼® ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â À§À庴, ÇǺΠ¿°Áõ, »ç¸Á µîÀº ±Þ¼º ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ µ¶¼º¿¡ ³ëÃâµÈ °á°ú·Î º»´Ù. ¸¸¼ºÀûÀÎ ³ëÃâÀº °£ ¼Õ»ó¿¡ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 1Â÷¼º °£¾Ï°ú °ü·ÃµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ´ë·®Áõ½Ä ¹ß»ý ºóµµ°¡ Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ µ¶¼º °üÂûÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ °Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÈçÈ÷ Á¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ µ¶¼º¹°ÁúµéÀº ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin), ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼Ó(Genera)¿¡¼ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °£ µ¶¼º ½ÎÀÌŬ¸¯ ÆéŸÆéƼµå(Hepatotoxic Cyclic Heptapeptide) ±×·ì, ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¼½º(Microcystis), Ç÷©Å©ÅäÆ®¸¯½º(Planktothrix), ¾Æ³ªº£³ª(Anabaena) µîÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸² 1. The chemical structure of MC-LR contains leucine (L) and arginine (R) at positions X and Y,
respectively. Microcystin nomenclature is based on the L-amino acids present at these two positions
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¶¼º ¹°Áúµé°ú N-methyl dehydroalanine(Mdha)ÀÇ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû È°µ¿À» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)ÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶´Â ±×¸² 1.¿¡ ¹¦»çµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â amino acid 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda)ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)ÀÇ ¸í¸í¹ýÀº ºÐÀÚ¿¡¼ L-amino acids°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â µÎ À§Ä¡(X and Y in ±×¸² 1.)¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ´Ù. 80°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯Á¾ÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ç½½ÀÇ º¯Çü»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µÎ °³ÀÇ °¡º¯ÀûÀÎ L-amino acids¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀδÙ. Serine(S)/Threonine(T) ´Ü¹éÁú Æ÷½ºÆÄŸ¾ÆÁ¦(Protein Phosphatase) ŸÀÔ 1°ú 2A¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin) µ¶¼ºÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ®ÀÖ°í µ¶¼ºÀÖ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)ÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin) -LRÀº ±¹Á¦ ¾Ï¿¬±¸±â°ü(IARC)¿¡¼ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ¾ÏÀ» À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°Áú·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½Ä¼ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)ÀÇ ¸¸¼ºÀûÀÎ ³ëÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ À§Çè ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼¼°èº¸°Ç±â±¸(WHO)´Â ½Ä¼ö·Î °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)-LRÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ³óµµ°¡ 1 ¥ìg/L¶ó°í ÀÓ½ÃÀûÀÎ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¹Àº ±¹°¡¿Í Áö¹æÁ¤ºÎ´Â ÀÌ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ¹Ù·Î äÅÃÇϰųª Á¶±Ý ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
µ¶¼º ½Ã¾Æ³ë¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ±ºÁýÀº Ç×»ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³óµµ·Î ¼ö¸¹Àº µ¿ÀÏ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)¼Ó (Congener)ÀÇ »ý¹°µéÀÌ ¸ð¿© ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)À» ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼ö ¸¹Àº ±â¼úµéÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í, Á㸦 ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Á¤·®(Mouse bioassays)À̳ª ´Ü¹éÁú Æ÷½ºÆÄŸ¾ÆÁ¦ (Protein Phosphatase), ±×¸®°í °£Á¢È¿¼Ò¸é¿ªÃøÁ¤¹ý(ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays) µîÀÌ ºü¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸®´×À» À§ÇØ È¿°úÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ƯÀ̼ºÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. UV·Î °ËÃâÇÏ´Â ¿ª»ó Å©·Î¸¶Åä±×·¡ÇÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)À» ºÐ¸®, °ËÃ⠱׸®°í Á¤·®½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¥ °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ Á¢±Ù ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. HPLC-UVÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇÑ ISO¹æ¹ýÀº MC (Microcystin) -RR, MC (Microcystin) -YR ±×¸®°í MC (Microcystin) -LR¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÎÁõ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, UV°ËÃâÀº ¹° ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½ºÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀÌ ¾àÇϸç Á¤Á¦µÈ »ùÇÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ¶ÇÇÑ °ËÃâ ÇÑ°è°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ùÇÃÀÇ ³óÃàÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ´õºÒ¾î, UV¸¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀº ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾ (Microcystin)À» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¼®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í, ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ º¯Á¾À̳ª ÀÌÇüµé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©¼µµ Á¤È®ÇÑ È®ÀÎÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÁßÅÙ´ý Áú·®ºÐ¼®±â(LC-MSn)¿Í Á¶È¸¦ ÀÌ·é ¾×ü Å©·Î¸¶Åä±×·¡ÇÁ´Â ±Ø¹Ì·®ÀÇ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ºÐ¸íÇÑ ºÐ¼® ¹× ±¸Á¶ È®ÀÎÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. MRM(multiple reaction monitoring)¸ðµå¿¡¼ LC-MS/MS´Â ¸Å¿ì ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÌ°í ¿¹¸®ÇÏ°Ô ¸ñÀûÇÏ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)ÀÇ Á¤·® ¹× È®ÀÎÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀº ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ Compound-Dependent ÆĶó¹ÌÅ͸¦ ÃÖÀûÈÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ µ¶¼º¹°µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Full-scan MS/MS ¹æ¹ýÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Compound ÃÖÀûÈÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç »ùÇÿ¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin)À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸´Â, Thermo Scientific»çÀÇ Velos Pro Dual-Pressure Linear Ion Trap MS´Â °¨µµ¿Í ½ºÄµ ½ºÇǵ尡 ¶Ù¾î³ª Á¤¼ººÐ¼®°ú Á¤·®ºÐ¼®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºü¸¥ ½ºÄµ »çÀÌŬ ŸÀÓÀº Å©·Î¸¶Åä±×·¡ÇÁ ÇÇÅ© ´ç ´õ ¸¹Àº ½ºÄµÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¸ç ´õ ªÀº Å©·Î¸¶Åä±×·¡ÇÁ¿¡¼ ´õ ¸¹Àº MSn ½ºÆåÆ®¶ó¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Velos Pro MSÀÇ 6 OrdersÀÇ ³ÐÀº Dynamic RangeÀº º¹ÀâÇÑ ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º¿¡¼ ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ ÈÇÕ¹°À» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í Á¤·®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ »ùÇ÷κÎÅÍ ´õ ¸¹Àº MSn Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï »óÈ£º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ Fragmentation±â¼ú(PQD, CID, TrapHCD)µéÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼öÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼, ¿ì¸®´Â Thermo Scientific Dionex»çÀÇ UltiMate 3000 x2 Dual RSLC system°ú ÇÔ²² Velos Pro Dual-Pressure Linear Ion Trap MS¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© MC (Microcystin) -RR, MC (Microcystin) -YR ±×¸®°í MC (Microcystin) -LRÀ» Á¤·®ÇÏ°í È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
1) Sample Preparation
MC (Microcystin) -RR, MC (Microcystin) -YR ±×¸®°í MC (Microcystin) -LRÀÇ Ç¥Áع°ÁúÀ» ÁغñÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼¼ °¡Áö ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÆ¾(Microcystin) È¥ÇÕ¹°À» 5¥ìg/mlÀÇ ³óµµ·Î ÁغñÇÑ´Ù. »ùÇÃÀ» °¡Áö°í ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î Èñ¼®ÇÑ 0.025 ¥ìg/L¿¡¼ 50 ¥ìg/L ³óµµÀÇ Calibration ¿ë¾×À» ÁغñÇÑ´Ù.
2) LC-MS/MS Analysis
Thermo Scientific»çÀÇ Acclaim 120 guard cartridge¿¡ 150 L/min¼Óµµ·Î 50 ¥ìLÀÇ »ùÇÃÀ» ÁÖÀÔÇÏ°í, ¿°À» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇØ 2ºÐ µ¿¾È ¼¼Ã´ÇÑ µÚ, Thermo Scientific»çÀÇ PepMap100 analytical columnÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÑ´Ù. LC-MS/MS ºÐ¼®Àº Velos Pro MS¿Í UltiMate¢â 3000 x2 Dual RSLC system·Î ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù.
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